Menthol Cigarette Bans Can Reduce Smoking Rates, Study Finds

As public health groups pressure the Biden administration to impose a ban on menthol cigarettes, research suggests similar moves in other countries have led to lower smoking rates.Nearly a quarter of menthol cigarette smokers quit in the year or two after a ban on menthol went into effect, according to a study published on Wednesday.Researchers found that about half of the menthol smokers switched to other cigarettes and another quarter managed to keep smoking menthols. The rate of menthol smokers who quit was higher in nations that imposed bans, in contrast with cities or states, since it was harder for people to drive a few miles to keep buying menthol cigarettes, according to the study.The Food and Drug Administration has been urging the Biden administration to impose a ban on menthol cigarettes, a goal that has generated intense opposition from retailers and tobacco companies alongside concerns in a presidential election year that it could alienate Black voters.Black smokers, who heavily favor menthol cigarettes, also stand to gain the most from such a ban, public health researchers say, noting that premature deaths from cancer, heart and lung disease could be avoided after a sharp decline in smoking rates.The study analyzed the effects of bans in other countries, including Canada and some in the European Union, as well as bans in force in states, including Massachusetts. The researchers reviewed studies, smoking rates and cigarette sales as part of their analysis.“Our review found that a menthol ban will have a pro-equity impact, meaning that we expect smoking to reduce the most among Black individuals who smoke as compared to other racial or ethnic groups,” said Sarah Mills, lead author of the study and an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina school of public health.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe.

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First alopecia treatment recommended on the NHS

Published6 minutes agoShareclose panelShare pageCopy linkAbout sharingImage source, Getty ImagesA medicine for severe hair loss, or alopecia, is being recommended on the NHS for the first time. The daily pill, called ritlecitinib or litfulo, could help up to 14,000 people in England, says the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Scotland is currently considering whether to start offering it on the NHS too. The drug, which is licensed to give to people aged 12 and over, helps fight inflammation to improve hair growth.Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease, where the body’s immune system attacks the follicles of the hair, causing it to fall out. Alopecia is more than just hair lossToby Penty on alopecia diagnosis: ‘I really struggled’In severe cases, hair is lost from across the body. Lack of hair on parts of the body other than the scalp, including eyelashes and eyebrows, nasal hair, and hair on the skin leaves people more vulnerable to infections and reduces their ability to regulate their body temperature. Living with alopecia can be profoundly challenging and can cause anxiety and stress. People may experience difficulty at school and in the workplace, and it can lead to social isolation and affect intimate relationships, experts say.NICE initially rejected the drug last year but has now reversed its decision following a public consultation, as well as receiving more information about it, including a reduced price from the manufacturer Pfizer. Without a discount, a packet of 30 capsules would normally cost almost £1,000. Helen Knight, director of medicines evaluation at NICE, said: “Our committee heard how severe alopecia areata can have a significant impact on people’s health and quality of life. “I’m delighted that we are now able to recommend this innovative treatment.”Sue Schilling, chief executive of Alopecia UK, said: “For far too long, patients with alopecia areata have gone without a licensed treatment option available via NHS pathways.”If new treatments are only available privately, it becomes a case of the ‘haves and the have nots’, this latest NICE recommendation will go some way to address this.”She said patients still faced substantial barriers, including difficulties in getting a dermatology referral from their GP, unacceptable dermatology waiting times, and even some NHS trusts making the decision not to allow dermatology appointments for alopecia patients.”There is no longer the excuse of there being no licensed treatment available. I urge key decision-makers within the NHS to keep referral pathways open for patients with alopecia areata,” she said. More on this story’I decided I’d had enough of hiding my real self’Published29 December 2022’So much of black beauty is derived from your hair’Published31 March 2022’There is no right or wrong way to have alopecia’Published9 FebruaryRelated Internet LinksNICEThe BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.

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Postcode check: How’s the NHS coping in your area?

Published42 minutes agoShareclose panelShare pageCopy linkAbout sharingBy The Data Journalism TeamBBC NewsThe NHS is entering 2024 and a challenging winter period. Staff face similar pressures to last year, with ambulances queuing outside hospitals and people waiting in A&E or for routine operations.Enter a postcode to find out what is happening in your area with A&E, ambulances and hospital waiting lists across the UK.

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If you can’t see the lookup, click hereProduced by Libby Rogers, Rob England, Nick Triggle, Jana Tauschinski, Harriet Agerholm, Aidan McNamee and Christine Jeavans. Development by Alexandra Nicolaides, Allison Shultes, Marcos Gurgel and Mark Oludimu. Testing by Jerina Jacobs.More on this story12-hour A&E waits in winter ‘becoming normalised’Published6 days agoThe hospitals struggling the most as winter bitesPublished14 December 2023

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Regulator sorry for past disciplining of gay doctors

Published2 minutes agoShareclose panelShare pageCopy linkAbout sharingImage source, Getty ImagesBy Michelle RobertsDigital health editorThe UK’s medical regulator says it is “truly sorry” for its past homophobia and taking disciplinary action that ended some gay doctors’ careers. The General Medical Council admits it added to the harm some male medics faced when convicted of having sex with men. Records show eight were struck off the register, so they could no longer work. The last erasure was in 1966 – a year before the decriminalisation of sex between men in England and Wales.The archives reveal the GMC considered cases against at least 40 practitioners, for engaging, or attempting to engage, in consensual sexual activity and intimacy with other men.Prof Dame Carrie MacEwen, who chairs the regulator, said homophobic laws and attitudes, which remained into the 1980s and beyond, had caused personal and professional harm. ‘We apologise'”We compounded that harm when we also took additional regulatory action against those who were on the medical register,” she said.”In some cases, that meant the end of a practitioner’s career. “For this, we are truly sorry.”We cannot be sure of the true number of doctors we took historic action against based on convictions that would now be considered unjust. “But the impact on every one of them, and on those close to them, will have been considerable.”Laws and attitudes have changed in the years since, as has the GMC. “These are historic cases but it is right that we apologise for them.”‘Unjust decisions’Dr Duncan McGregor, from Gladd, The Association of LGBTQ+ Doctors and Dentists, said: “The profound impact of these actions on their lives cannot be overstated. “This apology is an important step in righting the wrongs of the past and, while the hurt and damage that has been caused to those doctors cannot be undone, it is important to acknowledge past injustices.”But while doctors were no longer struck off for their sexuality, prejudice against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender healthcare staff persisted.”We hope this gesture brings some measure of solace to those affected doctors and their loved ones,” Dr McGregor said.”It is particularly important to recognise that this initiative came from within the GMC. “And we extend our gratitude to members of the GMC’s LGBTQ+ staff network for their work and dedication in helping to bring about this apology.”Ginny Bowbrick, who chairs the Pride in Surgery Forum (Prism) at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, said: “We strongly welcome the GMC’s apology today. “It recognises the considerable impact unjust decisions have had on so many doctors. “This apology is progress for LGBTQ+ doctors – but we are mindful that much work remains to be undertaken by us all to achieve true equity.”More on this storyLGBT veteran in ‘last battle’ for navy ban compensationPublished2 days agoRelated Internet LinksGMCThe BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.

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Abortion Shield Laws: A New War Between the States

Doctors in six states where abortion is legal are using new laws to send abortion pills to tens of thousands of women in states where it is illegal.Behind an unmarked door in a boxy brick building outside Boston, a quiet rebellion is taking place. Here, in a 7-by-12-foot room, abortion is being made available to thousands of women in states where it is illegal.The patients do not have to travel here to terminate their pregnancies, and they do not have to wait weeks to receive abortion medication from overseas.Instead, they are obtaining abortion pills prescribed by licensed Massachusetts providers, packaged in the little room and mailed from a nearby post office, arriving days later in Texas, Missouri and other states where abortion is largely outlawed.This service and others like it are operating under novel laws enacted in a half-dozen states — Massachusetts, Washington, Colorado, Vermont, New York and California — that have sought to preserve abortion access since the Supreme Court overturned the nationwide right to abortion in June 2022. The laws have been in use only since the summer and have not been tested in the courts, but they are already providing abortion access to tens of thousands of women in states with bans, especially low-income patients and others who cannot travel.Called telemedicine abortion shield laws, they promise to protect doctors, nurse practitioners and midwives licensed in those six states who prescribe and send abortion pills to patients in the nearly two dozen states that ban or sharply restrict abortion.The laws stipulate that officials and agencies of their states will not cooperate with another state’s efforts to investigate or penalize such providers — a stark departure from typical interstate practices of extraditing, honoring subpoenas and sharing information, legal experts on both sides of the abortion issue say. Many expect them to ultimately be challenged in federal court. We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe.

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ADHD medication system needs overhaul – author

Published3 hours agoShareclose panelShare pageCopy linkAbout sharingBy Jacob Panons & Ian PalmerBBC News, South EastA Brighton author and comedian has called for an “overhaul” as ADHD patients struggle to get medication.Lorelei Mathias said: “It’s already like a Herculean task to get your medication.”The Department for Health and Social Care said “increased global demand and manufacturing issues” were behind the shortages, which began in 2023 and were expected to be resolved by April. The health department said it had taken “swift action” to improve supplies. A health department spokesperson added: “We have well-established processes to prevent, manage and mitigate medicine shortages to ensure patients can continue to access the treatments they need.”‘Utterly exhausting’Ms Mathias, who created the comedy web series Life in ADHD, said the shortage showed the system was “broken”. The Brighton resident added: “My doctor described it as you’ve got an invisible broken leg that nobody can see but your medication is at the top of a 10-storey building and the lift is broken.” Ms Mathias said the situation was “utterly exhausting”.ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) symptoms include fidgeting, getting distracted and acting impulsively.”What I am saying to everyone is you’re going to make more mistakes, you’re going to lose things, you’re going to find yourself in ridiculous situations more than normal without your medication so you’ve just got to find a way to laugh at it because that has been our lifeline,” she explained. ‘Let down’ADHD UK charity CEO Henry Shelford said the government’s response to the medication shortage was “beyond pathetic”.He added: “Individuals with ADHD are being let down across the country. We have waiting lists for adults of over 10 and a half years and for children of over five years.”The health department said it had worked with the pharmaceutical industry to help resolve any issues as soon as possible and had issued advice to healthcare professionals.Follow BBC South East on Facebook, on X, and on Instagram. Send your story ideas to southeasttoday@bbc.co.uk. More on this storyHow is ADHD medication shortage affecting people?Published6 October 2023Seven-fold increase in adult ADHD prescriptionsPublished28 August 2023ADHD medicine shortage devastating families – MPPublished24 JanuaryRelated Internet LinksDepartment for Health and Social CareThe BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.

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Firms must make ‘adjustments’ for menopausal woman

Published23 minutes agoShareclose panelShare pageCopy linkAbout sharingImage source, Getty ImagesBy Ali Abbas Ahmadi BBC NewsEmployers could be sued if they do not make “reasonable adjustments” for menopausal women in the workplace, according to the equalities watchdog. The Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) issued the guidance to companies to clarify their legal obligations to women. Adjustments include letting women work from home or wear cooler clothes. Menopause marks the end of a woman’s menstrual cycles, and usually happens in her 40s or 50s. Menopause symptoms – which include hot flushes, brain fog or difficulty sleeping – can be a disability under UK law, the watchdog said, if they have a prolonged and “substantial” impact on a woman’s ability to carry out their normal daily activities.What is the menopause and what are the signs?The EHRC cited research showing that one in 10 women surveyed who worked during their menopause were forced to leave their job due to the symptoms. Two-thirds of women between the ages of 40 and 60 experienced menopausal symptoms at work, which largely had a negative impact. Very few asked for adjustments during this time because they were concerned with the potential reaction, it added. The guidance states that firms should consider taking measures such as letting women work from home, ventilating the workplace to lower its temperature, providing rest areas in offices or relaxing uniform policy to let them wear cooler clothes. Failing to make these sorts of reasonable adjustments could amount to disability discrimination if a worker’s menopause symptoms are severe enough to be a disability, the EHRC states. It adds that taking disciplinary action against women for a menopause related-absence could amount to discrimination, and that language that ridicules someone’s symptoms could constitute harassment. EHRC chairwoman Baroness Kishwer Falkner said that the watchdog was “concerned both by how many women report being forced out of a role due to their menopause-related symptoms and how many don’t feel safe enough to request the workplace adjustments”.She added that employers “may not fully understand their responsibility to protect their staff going through the menopause”, and that the new guidance has been issued to provide advice on how they can support their staff. More on this storyWhat is the menopause and what are the signs?Published23 March 2023’I went through the menopause before my mum’Published27 January

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Hydeia Broadbent, H.I.V. and AIDS Activist, Dies at 39

Born with H.I.V. in 1984, she began raising awareness about the virus and AIDS as a child.Hydeia Broadbent, who was born with H.I.V. and as a child became a leading voice in raising awareness about the virus and AIDS, died on Tuesday at her home in Las Vegas. She was 39.Her father, Loren Broadbent, confirmed the death. No cause was given.Ms. Broadbent was 6 years old when she began sharing her struggle with H.I.V. on television programs, aiming to educate the public amid an epidemic that produced panic and stigma around AIDS, according to her website.In 1992, when she was 7, Ms. Broadbent was interviewed opposite Magic Johnson, the basketball star who after his own H.I.V. diagnosis became a familiar face in the fight against H.I.V. and AIDS.“I want people to know that we’re just normal people,” Ms. Broadbent, her face crumpling as she fought through tears, told Mr. Johnson. “We are normal people,” he gently reassured her. Mr. Johnson posted a clip of the conversation online in a tribute Wednesday.“I think it just opened a lot of people’s eyes that H.I.V. can happen to anybody, with me being so young,” Ms. Broadbent told The New York Times in 2006 about the interview with Mr. Johnson.By the time Ms. Broadbent was 12, she had shared her story with numerous national television audiences, according to the biography page on her website. At 11, she appeared on “The Oprah Winfrey Show” and talked about the myriad health issues she had overcome as a toddler.Hydeia Loren Broadbent was born on June 14, 1984, at a hospital in Las Vegas. She was abandoned at birth and adopted by Loren and Patricia Broadbent, according to the biography on her website.Although she had been born with H.I.V., it was not diagnosed until she was 3 years old.The illness affected Ms. Broadbent’s learning, keeping her from attending school until the seventh grade. At Odyssey High School in Las Vegas, she was part of a program that allowed her to work from home on a computer.“My daughter didn’t have a formal education because of her illness,’‘ her mother, Patricia, told the Times in 2001 for an article about teenagers living with AIDS. “My priority was not school, but keeping her healthy for the time she had.”Ms. Broadbent continued to speak publicly about H.I.V. and AIDS into adulthood. Her work earned her recognition, particularly among African Americans. She was twice named among the “Most Influential 150 African Americans,” in 2008 and 2011, by Ebony magazine, according to her biography.As an adult, Ms. Broadbent focused on combating the stigma and misinformation around AIDS and educated the public about prevention.“I have dedicated my whole life to this fight,” she told CNN in 2012. “I don’t hate my life. I feel like I’m really blessed. But at the same time, my life doesn’t have to be their life. I didn’t have a choice when it came to H.I.V./AIDS, and people do have a choice.”A full obituary will follow.

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‘Recovering from food addiction is like walking a tiger’

Published19 minutes agoShareclose panelShare pageCopy linkAbout sharingImage source, Bryony GordonBy Beth RoseBBC Access AllJournalist and author Bryony Gordon is an open book when it comes to talking about mental health, having lived with OCD, alcoholism, binge eating disorder and drug addiction. But being a woman and navigating health inequality is one challenge she hasn’t yet been able to overcome. “I am mad, but I’m also bloody angry,” Bryony says, nodding to her personal mental health challenges and how people can react to them.For many years she battled addictions, felt shame, recovered, relapsed and moved from one addiction to another, something she calls “cross addiction”. Often, she penned articles about her experiences in the Telegraph when she was looking for solidarity – a call of “anyone out there?” in the broadsheet.”The thing about all mental illnesses is that they thrive by lying to you,” she tells the Access All podcast. “By isolating you, by telling you that you’re a freak and by telling you that you’re alone.” Being able to bare herself to the world in her books and newspaper is something she now regards as a “really beautiful” way to connect with people, even if it can be “overwhelming”, especially when she learned her latest book had just beaten the currently popular One Day to the top of the Amazon book chart on publication day. Mad Woman is Bryony’s seventh book. But it is the one that got her thinking the most.Listen to the Access All podcast to hear more from Bryony GordonIt is the successor to her 2016 book, Mad Girl, all about her experiences of OCD, which came with a realisation.”People like to think you write your book about OCD and then you triumph over adversity. And as we all know this kind of life is a bit more nuanced and complicated than that.”What I’m trying to do by writing these books is to show you how recovery is messy. It is not linear.”Bryony was not immune to such straightforward hopes herself. “I really thought I’d sort of got it licked,” she says of her OCD. “New Year’s Eve 2019 I was like: ‘I’m sorted. I’ve triumphed!’.”Then March 2020 came around and Covid-19 hit.”I did not pick up a drink, but I did develop binge eating disorder. I fell back into quite a bad depression and the OCD came back pretty viciously,” she says.But it got Bryony thinking. Could extreme mental health responses actually be the brain responding proportionately to the situations we find ourselves in? She says it was the first time she had experience a depression when “everyone else around me was depressed too”.It made her consider whether it was entirely “appropriate” people were depressed because we were in lockdown and that is was just the brain alerting people to the fact “something isn’t right in your life, rather than it being down to a chemical imbalance which is how some people think about it. “If you are experiencing difficulties there’s probably a good reason for that,” she says. “So can we stop with this way that society gaslights, people and treats them like they’re freaks?”She feels women are most susceptible to this. Her book isn’t called Mad Woman for nothing. “In my experience, whenever I go to the doctor’s, it’s like, ‘try losing weight”.Image source, Bryony GordonIt was a palpitating heart that revealed to Bryony just how much inequality woman can face in the healthcare system when seeking medical help. She went to hospital and was told “‘it’s just your hormones’.”JUST my hormones?” Bryony scoffs. “They’re the most powerful chemicals known to humankind.”Eventually, she was diagnosed with arrhythmia and had an echocardiogram. A male doctor carried it out while also explaining to her what a triathlon was and how he had competed one in Spain which was “very hot” – Bryony considered it to be a classic example of “mansplaining”. “I let him go on and on and I let him have his plaudits and then I said ‘I’ve done a triathlon in Sardinia and I’ve done two marathons’, and he genuinely looked at me and he said. ‘How extraordinary’.” She says biases towards women and weight is something she comes up against all too often.She has been open about her binge eating disorder which has led to “chorizo blackouts” when she would obsessively buy, hide and eat packets of the Spanish sausage until the point of blackout. “I was eating vast, vast amounts of food – sometimes out of the bin – and it was to sort of try and calm myself. It was the only way I knew how, in absence of alcohol. I couldn’t pick up a drink, so I picked up the food instead.”Briony says it came with a huge amount of shame and was extremely difficult to manage given the body needs food to survive.”It’s like having to take a tiger out for a walk three times a day,” she says. “But it was as dark as the last days of my drinking were.”She says the pattern of focusing on women’s weight as a solve-all is detrimental and prevents so many people from seeking help, especially when it comes to binge eating disorder.”It’s not a weight issue. It’s a soul issue,” she says.”People with mental illness, do feel shame. So it is being able to see that we are suffering from an illness and it is not a moral failing. All organs misfire. We expect that. But for some reason the only one we judge is our brain.”Bryony’s way to reframe the shame has been through exercise. Eight years ago she set up Mental Health Mates which encourages people with mental health issues to walk and talk. It has inspired people to set up groups across the country.In April she will be taking on an epic challenge to raise money for her charity by running the Brighton Marathon, London Marathon and the distance in-between the two cities .People often joke that running has become another addiction for Bryony. But she’s pretty sure that’s not the case.”Exercise is so wonderful for the way it makes you feel, not the way it makes you look. Sadly, I don’t need to compulsively do it every day,” she laughs.Additional reporting by Niamh Hughes.You can listen to the podcast and find information and support on the BBC Access All page. You can contact Beth with a story by emailing bethany.rose@bbc.co.uk

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Israel’s War in Gaza Could Lead to 85,000 More Deaths in 6 Months

An escalation of the war in Gaza could lead to the deaths of 85,000 Palestinians from injuries and disease over the next six months, in the worst of three situations that prominent epidemiologists have modeled in an effort to understand the potential future death toll of the conflict.These fatalities would be in addition to the more than 29,000 deaths in Gaza that local authorities have attributed to the conflict since it began in October. The estimate represents “excess deaths,” above what would have been expected had there been no war.In a second scenario, assuming no change in the current level of fighting or humanitarian access, there could be an additional 58,260 deaths in the enclave over the next six months, according to the researchers, from Johns Hopkins University and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.That figure could climb to 66,720 if there were outbreaks of infectious disease such as cholera, their analysis found.Even in the best of the three possibilities that the research team described — an immediate and sustained cease-fire with no outbreak of infectious disease — another 6,500 Gazans could die over the next six months as a direct result of the war, the analysis found.The population of the Gaza Strip before the war was 2.2 million.“This is not a political message or advocacy,” said Dr. Francesco Checchi, professor of epidemiology and international health at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe.

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