AdvertisementContinue reading the main storyCovid-19: The U.S. Is Edging Toward Normal, Alarming Some OfficialsHere is how Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine differs from Pfizer’s and Moderna’s.Feb. 28, 2021, 2:21 p.m. ETFeb. 28, 2021, 2:21 p.m. ETThe vaccines already in wide use in the United States are given in two doses several weeks apart, while the newly authorized Johnson & Johnson vaccine is given in a single dose.Credit…Pool photo by Timothy D EasleyLeer en españolA third effective weapon was added to America’s arsenal against the coronavirus on Saturday when the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for a vaccine developed by Johnson & Johnson.The company said it would start shipping millions of doses early this week, and would provide the United States with 100 million doses by the end of June. Together with 600 million doses of the nation’s first two authorized vaccines, made by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, that are due to be delivered over the next four months, that ought to be enough to cover every American adult who wants to be vaccinated.The new vaccine differs markedly from the two already in use in the United States. Here is how they compare.One shot instead of twoThe Johnson & Johnson vaccine is administered in a single shot, while the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are given in two shots several weeks apart.The way it worksThe Johnson & Johnson vaccine uses a different method to prime the body to fight off Covid-19: a viral vector called Ad26. Viral vectors are common viruses that have been genetically altered so that they do not cause illness but can still cause the immune system to build up its defenses. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines use messenger RNA to do that.How well it worksThe Johnson & Johnson vaccine is rated as highly effective at preventing serious illness and death, as the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines are. It is also very effective at preventing milder illness, though a bit less so than those two. It appears to do well against the highly contagious B.1.351 variant, first identified in South Africa, that has given at least one other vaccine candidate trouble.Storage and handlingThe Johnson & Johnson vaccine does not have to be stored at extremely low temperatures like the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. It can safely be kept in an ordinary refrigerator for three months, much longer than the Moderna vaccine, which spoils after a month if not kept frozen.Side effectsThe Johnson & Johnson vaccine appears to be less prone than the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines to trigger the kinds of side effects that require monitoring after the injection, which may make it more suitable for use at drive-through vaccination sites. There have been reports that side effects tend to be felt more strongly after second doses, which the Johnson & Johnson vaccine does not require.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story

Curtis Eichenberger exits the water at Lake Huron’s Georgian Bay.The World Through a LensSurf’s Up. The Temperature Isn’t.Growing numbers of surfers are taking to the Great Lakes — even when the weather is well below freezing.Curtis Eichenberger exits the water at Lake Huron’s Georgian Bay.Credit…Supported byContinue reading the main storyMarch 1, 2021It’s a cold Friday morning in late January. The snow has been falling all night. With two friends, Curtis Eichenberger and Brian McElroy, I’m heading northwest from the town of Collingwood, Ontario, to the shores of Lake Huron in Bruce County. It’s a two-hour drive, and we’re hoping the ice has taken hold of the shoreline.We park at the end of a rural road and begin the 20-minute walk to the shore. Curtis and Brian are in wetsuits and jackets, carrying their surfboards, walking down a forest path in a heavy snowstorm.I can’t help thinking that this is a quintessentially Canadian experience.Brian McElroy and Curtis Eichenberger make their way — through a snowstorm — to the shore of Lake Huron.Brian and Curtis discuss the water before hitting the waves.Our first glance at the water has Curtis and Brian excited: The waves are head high, and the sets are consistent. There are a couple of other hardy surfers out here, but it’s better than their local spot, which recently drew a crowd of some 25 people.The drive, it seems, was worth it.Curtis, suited up to surf.Curtis pours hot water in his wetsuit boots to help warm up his feet.Brian in Lake Huron.In recent years there’s been a significant increase in the popularity of lake surfing in North America. Unlike ocean surfers, who often depend partly on tides, lake surfers rely solely on strong, sustained winds. The stormy winter months often bring the biggest waves — and therefore the best surfing conditions.Curtis in Georgian Bay, at Sunset Point Beach in Collingwood, Ontario.January water temperatures on the Great Lakes are typically between 32 and 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Without a wetsuit in such temperatures, most people lose dexterity in just a few minutes. Exhaustion or loss of consciousness would occur after 15 to 30 minutes.Curtis stretches before surfing in Georgian Bay at Delphi Point Beach.Curtis, coated in ice.Still, the Great Lakes are becoming wintertime hot spots for the ocean-starved surfers who live in the area. Desperate for waves, devotees are often glued to local surf chat groups and obsessive about wind and wave forecasts.At a moment’s notice, they’re ready to clear their schedules, drive for hours, squeeze into their 6-millimeter-thick neoprene wetsuits and don (even thicker) booties and gloves, all in hopes of catching a good swell before the waves subside — or before they lose too much body heat.Surfers wait for waves in Georgian Bay.Curtis and Brian have been friends since they were kids, growing up in a small ski town north of Toronto, on Georgian Bay. They first had a taste of ocean surfing as teenagers on separate trips to New Zealand around 2003. Since then, they’ve surfed in dreamy — and warm — beach destinations all over the world: Australia, California, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Hawaii, Mexico, Nicaragua, Portugal.After driving for two hours from Toronto, Randy Luke Enns enters Georgian Bay with his surfboard at Sunset Point Beach.A surfer’s sandals are covered in snow during a lake-surfing session in Georgian Bay.“It was out of the love for ocean surfing that I ventured out into the Great Lakes,” Brian said. “Growing up landlocked, you find a way to surf throughout the year.”Matt Wilcox, a lake surfer, takes a break from surfing at Sunset Point Beach.Stephanie Hebb off the coast of Sunset Point Beach.All around the Great Lakes region — and locally in places such as Kincardine, Port Elgin and, of course, Toronto — there are surf shops that sell expensive winter surfing gear, including wetsuits and surfboards. Some of the more passionate surfers have started shaping their own surfboards in their basements or garages.Madison Tylak and Joey Braden walk into Georgian Bay at Sunset Point Beach.Jacqueline Warll and Matt Wilcox at Sunset Point Beach.There are Great Lakes surf clubs, magazines, wave forecasting seminars and competitions. And all of this is taking place hundreds of miles from the nearest ocean, and thousands of miles from the warm-ocean surf destinations that you see in movies and magazines.Georgian Bay during a snowstorm.Surfing on the Great Lakes is nothing new; people have been doing it for many decades. But what used to be a relatively niche hobby along secluded shorelines is now in full view on social media, where interest in the sport is compounding.The coronavirus pandemic has also added to its popularity. With travel restrictions in place, and with many hockey rinks, ski hills and exercise facilities closed, people have been searching for new types of exercise and entertainment — and, in particular, activities that are independent, informal and can be done closer to home and while distanced from others.Paul Reid walks into Georgian Bay.Scott Miller leaves the water after surfing in Georgian Bay at Sunset Point Beach.After two hours, Curtis and Brian emerge from the water with freezing extremities. Icicles cling to their eyebrows.Taking shelter in the trees, on the snow-covered ground, the two friends are invigorated, excited like the teenage versions of themselves who’d just learned to surf.Jordan Ward leaves the water after surfing in Lake Huron.Ryan Carter is a photographer based near Toronto. You can follow his work on Instagram.Follow New York Times Travel on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. And sign up for our weekly Travel Dispatch newsletter to receive expert tips on traveling smarter and inspiration for your next vacation.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story

#masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }The Coronavirus OutbreakliveLatest UpdatesMaps and CasesRisk Near YouVaccine RolloutNew Variants TrackerAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyPersonal HealthWhy I Overcame My Vaccine HesitancyThe more people who become immune to the virus, the less this scourge will be able to mutate and evade the vaccines already available.Credit…Gracia LamMarch 1, 2021Had I been polled last fall, I would have registered as a Covid vaccine skeptic. I told anyone who asked that I was going to wait at least six months after a vaccine was approved, by which time I hoped we’d know more about the degree and possibly the duration of its effectiveness and its potential side effects, especially in the elderly.I was hardly alone in my concern that political influence might result in premature approval of a vaccine before its safety was well established.Well, that hesitancy quickly dissipated after listening to reports from the directors of the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and several vaccine experts I know and trust, all of whom gave an enthusiastic thumbs-up to both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines.So in mid-January, when Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York announced that residents 75 and older would qualify for the vaccine, I found a computerized link to schedule an appointment five days later.At the mass vaccination site I went to in Brooklyn, everyone I encountered was cheerful, patient and reassuring, even the young woman checking me in who couldn’t find me on her list of 3 p.m. appointments. “Don’t worry,” she said reassuringly, “you’ll get the vaccine.”At the next window, a young man from Nigeria checked my ID and Medicare card and figured out what had happened. Turned out I had inadvertently booked a 3 a.m. appointment, not realizing the site was open 24-7. Another “don’t worry,” and I moved on to a young technician from Florida who painlessly injected the Moderna vaccine into my left arm.I then sat in a holding tent for 15 minutes to be sure I would have no serious reactions. The next day I got a text: “Hi Jane, It’s time for your daily v-safe check-in” and a link to a C.D.C. site that asked: How are you feeling today? (Good, Fair, Poor); Have you had a fever or felt feverish today? (yes, no); followed by a symptom check, first at the injection site for pain, redness, swelling or itching and then generally for chills, headache, joint pains, muscle or body aches, fatigue or tiredness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and rash or any other symptoms I wanted to report.Finally, I was asked several overall health impact questions about my ability to work and do my normal daily activities and whether I needed to consult a health care professional. I received the same text at the same time each day for more than a week, and was also given a link if I wanted to send a report to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.The second dose, administered 34 days later, went even more smoothly. By then I’d spoken to dozens of others of various ages who had gotten both shots. Only two reported bad reactions — fever, nausea, extreme fatigue — that lasted a day or two. I was prepared for the worst, but it never happened. My arm, shoulder and neck hurt the first night, but most of the pain was gone the next morning. Although my son was on call in case I couldn’t walk my dog, his help wasn’t needed. I was even able to swim that afternoon.But I assure you, even if I’d had a bad post-vaccine reaction, I would have sucked it up as a small price to pay for protection against a most devastating and too-often deadly disease like Covid-19. And I will continue to urge everyone and anyone I meet to do their damnedest to get immunized against Covid-19, especially now that potentially more potent variants are beginning to appear and spread.The Coronavirus Outbreak

#masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }At HomeWatch: ‘WandaVision’Travel: More SustainablyFreeze: Homemade TreatsCheck Out: Podcasters’ Favorite PodcastsAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyThe CheckupDiagnosing Autism in the PandemicAutism spectrum disorder is often suspected when young children stand out as being different from their peers. That can be much harder in this isolated time.Credit…Yifan WuMarch 1, 2021We talk often in pediatrics about the importance of early identification and early treatment of autism spectrum disorder, with its hallmark issues of social communication problems and restricted repetitive behavior patterns. “Early” means paying particularly close attention to the behavior and development of children between ages 1 and 3, and checking in with their parents about any concerns.But what does that mean for young children who have now spent half their lives — or more — in the special circumstances of the pandemic?Dr. Heidi Feldman, a professor of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine, said, “We don’t know what the impact of one year of very restricted social interaction is going to be on children.” Some of the behavior patterns that children are showing now may be the result of these strange living conditions, or they may reflect stress, trauma and the social isolation that many families have experienced, she said.Dr. Feldman said that first-time parents who have been operating in the increased isolation of the pandemic may have very limited context for appreciating where their child’s behavior falls. They’re missing the input they might usually get from teachers and child care providers.Dr. Eileen Costello, a clinical professor of pediatrics at Boston University School of Medicine and chief of ambulatory pediatrics at Boston Medical Center, said, “Especially for the really little ones, the only eyes that are on them are their parents’. They’re not seeing uncles and aunts and cousins, not in preschool.”Dr. Costello and I are co-authors of the book “Quirky Kids: Understanding and Supporting Your Child With Developmental Differences.” We use the word “quirky” to encompass children whose development does not follow standard patterns, whether or not they fit the criteria for a specific diagnosis. Some of these children will accumulate several different diagnoses as they grow and change — and as different demands are made on them in terms of academic performance and social life — and others will never fit the criteria for any specific formal diagnosis.Dr. Adiaha Spinks-Franklin, a developmental behavioral pediatrician at Texas Children’s Hospital and an associate professor at Baylor College of Medicine, said that because parents right now are at home more, sometimes they are more likely to notice unusual or concerning patterns — repetitive behaviors, or communications problems like echolalia, in which a child repeats words. This can be completely normal, and is in fact part of how children learn to talk, but it can be concerning if it’s the major part of a child’s language as the child grows. By the age of 2, children should be saying lots of their own words.When parents — or teachers or doctors — do have concerns, getting a developmental assessment done has its own complexity in the pandemic.Catherine Lord, a professor of psychiatry and education at the University of California, Los Angeles, said, “I’m doing diagnoses right now in my back yard, which is insane.” But with the protective gear that would have to be worn at the hospital, she said, “we look like we’re from outer space,” and could be too intimidating to small children.Dr. Lord said. “We do remote interviews with parents, we try to see videos of the kid, then have them come — we have a big back yard.” And they continue to use the Zoom technology, even across the yard.The standardized assessment for autism spectrum disorder can’t be done masked, because it depends on interpreting the child’s expressions and observing reactions to the examiner’s facial expressions. Dr. Lord said there is a shorter version that children can do with their parents — everyone unmasked — while the clinicians watch without being in the room. This may not be as accurate — researchers are still analyzing the data — but they are hopeful that it will be helpful in many cases.“When we see kids in clinic, we have to be masked, and if they’re over 2, they have to be masked,” Dr. Feldman said. Earlier in the pandemic, a family that was convinced that their child had autism came to the clinic. “This kid had not seen anybody other than his parents and had not been anyplace other than his home — he was so terrified — the in-person visit was very, very hard.” They used a room with a one-way mirror, so the parents could be alone with the child, and could take their masks off, but “even with that, he had such a hard time settling down.”Dr. Lord was the lead author on a review paper on autism spectrum disorder published in Nature Reviews in 2020. She emphasized the importance of early diagnosis so that children can get early help with communication: “Kids who are going to become fluent speakers, their language starts to change between 2 and 3, and 3 and 4, and 4 and 5,” Dr. Lord said. “We want to be sure we optimize what happens in those years and that’s very hard to do if people are stuck at home.”She recommended that parents request the free assessments that can be done through early intervention, in many cases now being done remotely.Developmental assessments can include remote visits. “We have gotten quite good at doing telehealth evaluations,” Dr. Feldman said. “We get the kids in their own environments and their own toys, we get to see what they do at home.”“Sometimes making the diagnosis of autism over telehealth in a very young child is incredibly challenging,” Dr. Spinks-Franklin said. “Families that don’t have access to consistent reliable high-speed internet are also impacted — a video visit may not be possible or may be interrupted.”Even before the pandemic, many families faced long waits to get those developmental assessments. “Those who are vulnerable already are always going to be more severely affected — families who already had more limited access to primary care providers or are underinsured or uninsured already had a harder time,” Dr. Spinks-Franklin said.Now, she said, the pandemic is placing those families even more at risk, because of the likelihood of economic hardship from jobs loss, underemployment or lost health care benefits. The disparities are exacerbated, and the chance of getting to the right clinic and the right health care professional go down.Right now, because families are isolated or may not have good access to medical care, neurodevelopmental problems may be being missed in these critical early years, when getting diagnosed would help children get therapy. On the other hand, some children who don’t have these underlying problems and are just reacting to the strange and often anxiety-provoking circumstances of pandemic life may mistakenly be thought to be showing signs of autism.Parents and even doctors may worry about autism spectrum disorder in children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or anxiety, and who are being seen in unusual situations — in a parking lot, for example. “I’ve been undoing diagnoses,” Dr. Lord said. “It’s not surprising that a kid is looking a bit less relaxed.”Dr. Spinks-Franklin said that the pressures of the pandemic may act on children as other stresses do, and show up as more extreme behavior, such as more frequent tantrums or increased irritability.“All that bounces is not A.D.H.D.; all that flaps is not autism,” Dr. Spinks-Franklin said.What Parents Can DoTo understand whether a child’s extreme behavior represents chronic stress and increased frustration related to the hardships that families are living through, or is a sign of a neurodevelopmental disorder, it’s important to figure out whether these behaviors were present before the pandemic, Dr. Spinks-Franklin said.If parents have concerns about a child’s development or behavior, a good place to start is to talk the question through with the child’s primary care provider, who can also review the record with the parents and talk about the child’s early developmental course.If parents still have concerns, it’s reasonable to request a referral for a full developmental assessment. Early intervention, a federally mandated program, offers help and therapy if a child seems to be significantly delayed in any developmental domain, but does not make diagnoses.Some developmental markers reflect a child’s early progress with speech and language, and with social interactions. The following are adapted from “Quirky Kids.”A baby babbles by 6 months, and the babble increases in complexityBy 9 months, a baby responds to his or her nameBy 15 to 18 months, a child can say some words and follow simple directionsBy 18 months, a child can put two words togetherBy 2 ½ to 3, a child can speak in simple sentences with some fluency and inflection — a question sounds like a questionBy 4 months, babies make eye contact and respond with social smilesBy 1 year, they can point to show interest, and wave goodbyeFrom about 2, they respond to other children and can interact in games with some back-and-forthAdvertisementContinue reading the main story

AdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyPlastic Surgeon Attends Video Traffic Court From Operating RoomCalifornia’s Medical Board started an investigation after Dr. Scott Green reported for the hearing on Zoom while in scrubs and with a patient on the operating table.“Yes, I’m in an operating room right now,” Dr. Scott Green, a Sacramento plastic surgeon, acknowledged during a virtual traffic court hearing last week. “I’m available for trial. Go right ahead.”Feb. 28, 2021The Medical Board of California said it was investigating a plastic surgeon who attended a video traffic court hearing from an operating room while dressed in scrubs and with a patient on the surgical table.The surgeon, Dr. Scott Green, reported by videoconference for a trial in Sacramento Superior Court on Thursday.“Hello, Mr. Green? Hi, are you available for trial?” a courtroom clerk said as Dr. Green, wearing a surgical mask and cap, appeared in a virtual square with operating room lighting fixtures visible behind him. “It kind of looks like you’re in an operating room right now.”“I am, sir,” Dr. Green replied as machines beeped in the background. “Yes, I’m in an operating room right now. I’m available for trial. Go right ahead.”The clerk advised Dr. Green that the hearing, which was reported by The Sacramento Bee, would be live-streamed on YouTube.After Dr. Green was sworn in, his camera briefly swiveled and revealed a person on an operating table.Gary Link, a Sacramento Superior Court commissioner, appeared on camera.“Unless I’m mistaken, I’m seeing a defendant that’s in the middle of an operating room appearing to be actively engaged in providing services to a patient,” Mr. Link said. “Is that correct, Mr. Green? Or should I say Dr. Green?”Dr. Green confirmed that it was.Mr. Link continued, “I do not feel comfortable for the welfare of a patient if you’re in the process of operating that I would put on a trial notwithstanding the fact the officer is here today.”Dr. Green explained that there was another surgeon in the room who could perform the surgery.But Mr. Link disagreed.“I don’t think so. I don’t think that’s appropriate,” he said, adding that he would reschedule the trial for a time when Dr. Green was not operating on a patient.“We want to keep people healthy, we want to keep them alive. That’s important,” Mr. Link said. He set March 4 as a new trial date.The reason for Dr. Green’s court appearance was unclear.Dr. Green, who has offices in Sacramento and Granite Bay, Calif., did not respond to a request for comment on Sunday. Mr. Link also could not be reached.Carlos Villatoro, a spokesman for the Medical Board of California, said the board was aware of the hearing and “will be looking into it, as it does with all complaints it receives.”The board, he said, “expects physicians to follow the standard of care when treating their patients.”Mr. Villatoro declined to offer further details, citing the legal confidentiality of complaints and investigations.As court proceedings have moved online during the coronavirus pandemic, missteps have abounded.Judges have complained about lawyers attending proceedings shirtless and defendants logging on for hearings in bikinis and even naked.In February, a lawyer who could not figure out how to turn off a filter that made him look like a kitten found himself insisting to a judge that he was not, in fact, a cat.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story